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Kallanai Dam
Kallanai (also known as the Grand Anicut) is an ancient dam built across the Kaveri River in Thanjavur District in the state of Tamil Nadu in South India. Located at a distance of 15 km from Tiruchirapalli, the dam was originally constructed by the Chola king Karikalan around the 2nd Century AD. and is considered to be one of the oldest water-diversion or water-regulator structures in the world which is still in use.
==History==
The dam was originally built by Karikala Chola around second century AD. The idea behind constructing the dam was to divert the river to the delta districts thereby boosting irrigation.〔 The dam was re-modeled by the British during the 19th century. In 1804, captain Caldwell, a military engineer was appointed by the British to make a study on the Kaveri river and promote irrigation for the delta region. He found that a large amount of water passed onto the Kollidam leaving behind a small volume for irrigation purposes. Caldwell initially proposed a solution by raising the dam and hence raised the dam stones to a height of 0.69 m, thus increasing the capacity of the dam.〔 Following this, Major Sim proposed the idea of undersluices across the river with outlets leading to the Kollidam River (Coleroon) thus preventing formation of silt.〔 The Lower Anaicut built by Sir Arthur Cotton in 19th century AD across Coleroon, the major tributary of Cauvery, is said to be a replicated structure of Kallanai.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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